^ Wyoming Statute 8-3-104 (Title 8) Archived at the Wayback Machine.

Center for Natural Lands Management and University of Washington. An Assessment of Seed Production and Viability of Putative Castilleja levisecta × C. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Washington Department of Natural Resources.

^ a b Strategy and Guidance for Minimizing Hybridization Risk of Castilleja levisecta (CALE) with Castilleja hispida (CAHI) While Advancing Conservation of CALE and Taylor's Checkerspot Butterfly (Euphydryas editha taylori TCB) (PDF) (Report).

'Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and aphids interact by changing host plant quality and volatile emission'.

^ Babikova, Zdenka Gilbert, Lucy Bruce, Toby Dewhirst, Sarah Pickett, John A.Parasitic plants and community composition: how Castilleja levisecta affects, and is affected by, its community (PDF) (Doctoral dissertation). 'Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea)'. 'Hemiparasites can transmit indirect effects from their host plants to herbivores'. 'Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants'. f.' Germplasm Resources Information Network. Labrador Indian paintbrush, northern paintbrushĭowny Indian paintbrush, downy paintbrush Purple alpine paintbrush, Wallowa alpine paintbrush Rhexia-leaf Indian paintbrush, splitleaf Indian paintbrush Raup's Indian paintbrush, Raup's painted-cup Smallflower Indian paintbrush, lesser Indian paintbrush Purple owl's clover, purple Indian paintbrush, exserted Indian paintbrush, escobita, formerly in OrthocarpusĮntireleaf Indian paintbrush, Texas paintbrush Scarlet Indian paintbrush, Scarlet painted-cup Selected species Īpplegate's Indian paintbrush, wavyleaf Indian paintbrushĭesert Indian paintbrush, desert paintbrush Symbolism Ĭastilleja linariifolia is the state flower of Wyoming. Indian paintbrush has similar health benefits to consuming garlic, though only if the flowers are eaten in small amounts and in moderation. Highly alkaline soils increase the selenium levels in the plants. These plants have a tendency to absorb and concentrate selenium in their tissues from the soils in which they grow, and can be potentially very toxic if the roots or green parts of the plant are consumed. The flowers of Indian paintbrush are edible, and were consumed in moderation by various Native American tribes as a condiment with other fresh greens. This hybridization potential has been identified as a threat to the genetic integrity of certain endangered Castilleja species. Some species in the Castilleja genus are able to hybridize, especially when ploidy levels match, and hybrids may produce viable seed. Seeds of putative Castilleja levisecta × Castilleja hispida hybrid These sequestered compounds then confer chemical protection against predators to larvae. Additionally, the foliage of some Castilleja species naturally contains defensive compounds that are sequestered in the tissues of larvae of specialist insect species that have developed a tolerance for these compounds and are able to consume the foliage. For example, Castilleja hemiparasitic reliance on other plant species may affect competition and dominance among other plant species in its community. Ĭastilleja species can play an important role in plant community dynamics and multitrophic interactions. Pollinators aid these plants in reproduction, with insects visiting the flowers, as well as hummingbirds for some species. exserta), and checkerspot butterflies, such as Euphydryas species. exserta) and Schinia pulchripennis (which feeds exclusively on C. Ecology Ĭastilleja species are eaten by the larvae of some lepidopteran species, including Schinia cupes (which has been recorded on C.

The generic name honors Spanish botanist Domingo Castillejo. They are hemiparasitic on the roots of grasses and forbs.

These plants are classified in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae (following major rearrangements of the order Lamiales starting around 2001 sources which do not follow these reclassifications may place them in the Scrophulariaceae). For other uses, see Prairie Fire (disambiguation).Ĭastilleja, commonly known as paintbrush, Indian paintbrush, or prairie-fire, is a genus of about 200 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants native to the west of the Americas from Alaska south to the Andes, northern Asia, and one species as far west as the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia.

Yellow paintbrush plant of oregon